Logically, the early blockade of a limited number of αv integrins as shown in fibrosis studies (Munger et al. 1999; Hahm et al. 2007) will probably suppress TGFβ1 activation in the tumour microenvironment but, once escalated, TGFβ1 activation might occur via many mechanisms and, thus, multiple interventions will be needed, which will be therapeutically challenging. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.