Subsequently, by introducing therapeutics to these same integrins, we could establish when the most effective therapeutic window occurs and also whether cancers reach a point at which the targeting of integrin-dependent TGFβ1 activation is no longer effective, perhaps because so many processes (multiple integrins, tissue stiffness, proteases) are simultaneously able to activate the latent TGFβ. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.