Analysis of tumours harvested mid-therapy showed that, in both tumour types, 264RAD therapy alone was sufficient to reduce total- and phospho-SMAD2 in the tumour and to reduce the number of αSMA-positive and endomucin-positive endothelial cells suggesting a direct link between αvβ6-dependent TGFβ1 signalling, the induction of myofibroblasts and the upregulation of angiogenesis. Here, EMCN is linked to neoplasm.