INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive chronic disease, primarily characterized by functional decline of beta cell, worsening of insulin signaling, and muscle atrophy (Trostler et al., 1982; Cotter et al., 1993; Fonseca, 2009; Brannmark et al., 2013; de Lima Junior et al., 2016).