DOX and diabetes individually have been demonstrated to cause the release of ROS that might lead to muscle fatigue and metabolic dysregulation (van Etten et al., 1998; Hardin et al., 2008; van Norren et al., 2009; Ritov et al., 2010), which are in accordance with our present findings of muscle atrophy and insulin signaling markers. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.