ATG7 and Left ventricular dilatation: We found that the diastolic left ventricle posterior wall thickness of the Atg7-deficient mice was significantly increased and their ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricle dimension were significantly decreased after ischaemia-reperfusion treatment (figure 5a–f), which indicated left ventricular dilatation and severe contractile dysfunction in ischaemia-reperfusion treated Atg7-deficient mice.