FOXO3 and glioblastoma: In this study, we have investigated the induction of oxidative stress, perturbations in cell cycle progression, DNA damage, survival, and altered expression of critical regulators (e.g., FoxO3a, Sox2, and Bmi1) in NSPs recipient of growth medium harvested from glioblastoma or medulloblastoma cells before and after exposure to cesium-137 γ rays.