Recently, studies suggest that administration of TZD to obese animal models with insulin resistance and diabetes patients can lead to the improvement of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity associated with increasing glucose transportor-4 (GLUT-4), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1)13, 20. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is Insulin resistance.