TARDBP and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1), fused in sarcoma (FUS), C9orf72, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) mutations, which cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also called Lou Gehrig’s disease), have also been shown to impair mitochondrial transport in mice, flies, and cultured neuronal models84–91.