Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1), fused in sarcoma (FUS), C9orf72, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) mutations, which cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also called Lou Gehrig’s disease), have also been shown to impair mitochondrial transport in mice, flies, and cultured neuronal models84–91. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.