There is accumulating evidence for a role of TNFSF15 in infectious and autoimmune disease development20: both TNFSF15 and its receptor (DcR3) are more abundant in sera from PBC patients compared to healthy controls21, 22; while TNFSF15 expression was significantly higher in biopsies from inflamed CD lesions than those from uninvolved tissues. Here, TNFSF15 is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.