In the present study, by STZ-induced diabetic rats model, we compare the mechanical allodynia, electrophysiology, morphology, PGC-1α expression, and mitochondrial biogenesis among control, diabetes, and 500 mg/kg/d Txl treated diabetic rats, to investigate the role of PGC-1α related mitochondrial biogenesis in the development of DPN and the effect of Txl on mitochondrial function. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and diabetes mellitus.