We showed here that rats with ENMO developed retinitis, which was associated with two types of retinal damage: With the formation of APP+ axonal spheroids/end bulbs in retina and papilla which could be clearly ascribed to the action of AQP4268-285-specific T cells, and with the loss of AQP4 reactivity in Müller cell side branches in the outer plexiform layer which was only seen when AQP4268-285-specific T cells and NMO-IgG were present. The gene discussed is AQP4; the disease is retinitis.