Additionally, systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with mitochondrial dysregulation and type I interferon signatures [38–40], oxidized mtDNA released from lupus neutrophils drives type I interferon [24], and mitochondrial antioxidants attenuate IFNβ responses and lupus-like disease in mice [30]. Here, IFNB1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.