GSTA1 and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: It is important to note that such individuals comprised 22% of all recruited cRCC patients, in comparison with 12% of control subjects, and exhibited 9.32-fold elevated risk compared to carriers of combined GSTM1-active, GSTT1-null, GSTA1-active and GSTP1 wild-type genotypes (95%CI:1.08–80.18, p = 0.04, Table 5).