IL7 and urinary bladder neoplasm: Given the considerable similarities between human bladder tumours and murine MB49 bladder tumours, a recent report of IFN-γ upregulation in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade37, and the essential role of IL-7 and IFN-γ sigaling in T-cell survival and function, we reason such an interdependent loop likely exsists to mediate beneficial effects of combination therapy in human tumours.