We further confirmed the synergistic effects of combination therapy using a different murine tumour model, the RENCA model for RCC, where ∼70% of RENCA-bearing mice survived in combination therapy group and only 30% of or 0% of mice survived in α-CTLA-4 or α-PD-1 monotherapy group, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 1B,C). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and renal cell carcinoma.