Convincingly, absence of IFN-γR1 in host cells diminished immune-boosting effects of combination therapy, including increased T-cell infiltration into tumours, depletion of intratumoral Treg, augmented effector/Treg ratios of TILs, enhanced polyfunctionality of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs, and elevated Ki-67+IFN-γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ TILs (Supplementary Fig. 5). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and neoplasm.