Human neutrophils isolated from the BAL fluid of patients with COPD have also been reported to express higher levels of CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3 and CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL11 were able to induce chemotaxis of neutrophils isolated from BAL fluid of patients with COPD.30 This and our current study therefore suggest that neutrophils are capable of responding to a number of CC and CXC chemokines other than CXCL8 and its closely related family members. This evidence concerns the gene CCL11 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.