To date, the serum concentration of AFP is the most frequently used marker for the diagnosis of HCC.[4] A large systematic review that contained 5 studies showed the following prognostic values of AFP using a cut-off value of > 20 μg/L: sensitivity of 41% to 65%, specificity of 80% to 94%, negative likelihood ratio of 0.4 to 0.6, and a positive likelihood ratio of 3.1 to 6.8.[4] However, increasing data have revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of AFP are not sufficient for effective diagnosis. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.