Using urinary PSA-AAL and urinary PSA-PhoSL levels as markers, the AUC values for the prediction of prostate cancer with a GS ≥ 6 were 0.68 (95% CI = 0.54–0.81, P = 0.017) and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.67–0.90, P < 0.001), respectively, whereas those for the prediction of cancers with a GS ≥ 8 were 0.69 (95% CI = 0.66–0.92, P = 0.0010) and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.62–0.91, P = 0.0025), respectively. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is cancer.