LCN2 and HIV-associated nephropathy: Markedly elevated levels of urinary NGAL was also found in HIVAN patients with relatively preserved kidney function (SCr < 2, eGFR range 56.22–117.35) and limited proteinuria (range 0.0–3.0 mg/mL), suggesting that NGAL can be expressed early in the course of progressive renal failure due to HIVAN [32].