Specifically, CD106, IP-10, IL-17, IL-21, MIP1α, TNF-α, LT-α, MIP1β, IFN-γ, MIG, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-12/IL23-p40 levels were significantly higher in patients with pSS compared with controls, with eight of these cytokines having p values of ≤0.0001 between these participant groups (table 3). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and peeling skin syndrome.