Blocking post-RHP CXCL12 expression with a CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) antagonist AMD-3100 disrupted beneficial CXCL12/CCR4 signaling after RHP, and attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect of RHP in the post-stroke brain [130, 158]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and Stroke.