Moreover, we have previously shown that the expression level of the Notch1 receptor is significantly increased in ccRCC cells compared with the adjacent non-neoplastic renal tissue, and that blocking of Notch1 attenuates the proliferative growth of ccRCC cell lines and primary cultures in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo43. Here, NOTCH1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.