ANXA4 and cancer: With regard to cancer, elevated expressions of ANXA4 has been reported in various clinical epithelial tumors13, 14, 15, 16, 17, in which ANXA4 regulates downstream signals, such as hyaluronan mediated motility receptor, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2, Akt, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and p21 in a Ca2+-assisted manner13, thus stimulating the NF-κB pathway to suppress apoptosis and ultimately inducing tumor invasiveness and metastasis16, 21.