VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Given the conservation of hypoxia, angiogenesis and erythropoiesis pathways between humans and fish (Kajimura et al., 2006; Rojas et al., 2007; Paffett-Lugassy et al., 2007), zebrafish vhl mutants provide a uniquely effective model for further studies of VHL-related tumor biology and ccRCC development, as well as a platform for developing innovative new drug treatments (MacRae and Peterson, 2015).