In one of those studies, treatment of a neonatal PKD mouse model with the selective STAT3 inhibitor S31-201 is reported not only to restrain cyst expansion and to reduce the numbers of STAT3-positive nuclei in cyst-lining epithelial cells but also to reduce the numbers of STAT3-positive nuclei in the unidentified interstitial cells (Takakura et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and cyst.