The functional analysis of DEG in PBC of the subjects with abnormal cardiac function identified several linked pathways enriched for genes involved in inflammation and immunity and interconnected with NFKB, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, IFN-gamma, TGFB, ARG1 and IL-4, which were associated with ischemia [55], cardiac hypertrophy [56] and chronic heart failure [57]. Here, IL4 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.