However, as expected phosphorylation of Ser45 of β-catenin was increased after overexpression of CK1α (Additional file 3: Figure S3A) and this directly correlated with the influence of CK1α levels on the capacity to phosphorylate Ser45 in melanoma cells in a kinase assay (Fig. 5b). Here, CSNK1A1 is linked to melanoma.