ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In recent years, ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), a gene located on 6q22, which transcripts the protein that belongs to the subfamily of tyrosine kinase insulin receptor, has been recognized as a driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [2] since it can fuse with other genes (e.g. CD74, SLC34A2, FIG, TPM3, SDC4, EZR, LRIG3, CCDC6, and KDELR2 [3, 4]) and consequently activate the downstream growth and survival signaling pathways [3–7].