CCN2 and cancer: In addition, increased expression of other cancer promoting genes such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) and CD44 was observed at 3 hrs of co-culture (Figure 2A and Table S1) Interestingly, we observed increased expression of other chemokine genes including CCL8 and CXCL13, metastasis-related genes such as MMP9 and PLA2G7, and various interferon-stimulated genes such as IFITs, IFIs and OAS after 48 hrs, but not 3 hrs, of co-culture (Figure 2B).