DNA-based vectors were used in almost all previous work including ours in this field of cancer research, such as IFN-α (adenoviral vector [12]), IFN-β (adenoviral vector [13]), INF-γ (adenoviral vector [14]), IL2 (adenoviral vector [15]), IL12 (adenoviral vector [16]), TRAIL (lentiviral vector [17, 18], plasmid vector [19–21]) and PTEN (plasmid vector [3]). Here, PTEN is linked to cancer.