Clinical studies on dry eye patients reported an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in tears and conjunctival cells such as interleukin (IL) -6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β; a loss in conjunctival goblet cells [10,11]; and an increase in immune activation and infiltration in the conjunctiva [12–17]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is dry eye syndrome.