OXTR and Anxiety: Moreover, although intranasal oxytocin treatment may elicit prosocial behaviors in humans and in animals (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2010; Kent et al., 2016), it was also reported that in prairie voles intranasal oxytocin promoted maternal aggression in response to an intruder (Jia et al., 2008), and among mice with increased oxytocin receptors elevated fear and anxiety was observed in response to a social stressor (Guzmán et al., 2013).