INS and heart failure: This array of features include skeletal muscle myotonia and weakness, a complex cardiac pathology that manifests as arrhythmias, systole dysfunction, ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, abnormal glucose metabolism, elevated insulin levels, formation of ocular cataracts that are primarily sub-capsular and cortical in origin, testicular atrophy, frontal balding, hypersomnia and the development of cognitive and emotional deficits1, 4, 5.