MAP3K8 and cancer: The mitogen activated protein-3 kinase tumor progression locus 2 (TPL-2; also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 [MAP3K8] and cancer Osaka thyroid oncogene [COT]) phosphorylates and activates MEK1/2 after stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptors for TNF and IL-1β, leading to the activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 MAP kinases.8