PVT1 is frequently expressed in patients with numerous cancers (including lung)27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and diabetes.32, 33, 34 Furthermore, targeting of PVT1 in these pathologies has been shown to have a range of effects, including decreasing proliferation and increasing apoptosis,28, 35 decreasing resistance to gemcitabine (a chemotherapy drug),36 and regulation of genes and proteins involved in ECM deposition.32 This evidence concerns the gene PVT1 and diabetes mellitus.