Second, DYRK1A directly phosphorylates Tau as well as APP and PS1, and aberrant and/or excessive phosphorylation of these targets is believed to be crucial for the formation of NFTs and amyloid plaques, respectively (Ryoo et al., 2008, , 2007; Ryu et al., 2010). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Neurofibrillary tangles.