IRF5 and neoplasm: To date, IRF5 is best known for its 1) central role in pathogen-induced immunity via activation by the MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway8, 9, 2) identification as an autoimmune susceptibility gene10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 3) tumor suppressor function4, 6, 7, 20, 21.