Up-regulation of CCL3 has previously been associated with the inflammatory response to mastitis [62], bovine tuberculosis [64, 66], viruses including bovine respiratory syncytial virus [58], Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 [59], resistance to bovine nematode infections [67] and a protective response from vaccinated cattle to bovine tuberculosis [68]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and mastitis.