INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Elevated proinsulin levels were observed in neonates born to women with T2DM and with an HbA1c value of <6.5% (177.6 pMol/L) and in neonates born to women with GD and an HbA1c value of ≥6.5% (80.9 pMol/L) (data not shown).