Interestingly, a significantly higher prevalence of anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and anti-RNP antibodies was identified in SA+ patients with SLE (77.7 %, 22.2 %, 44.4 %, 16.6 %, and 16.6 %, respectively) compared with SA- patients (39.4 %, P < 0.0001; 9.1 %, P = 0.01; 21.1 %, P = 0.0008; 6.1 %, P = 0.03; and 6.1 %, P = 0.03, respectively; Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene CALR and systemic lupus erythematosus.