ALB and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Future research should examine and refine the treatment protocol (timing, dosage, prescription of 5 % serum albumin solution vs. fresh frozen plasma, duration of plasma exchange treatment after remission); long-term patient outcomes (in some cases FSGS may recur months or years after transplant); [8] the efficacy of pre-transplant plasma exchange for preventing recurrence; supportive therapy; and develop new hypothesis-driven therapies—a difficult endeavor given that the cause of primary FSGS remains unknown.