VCAM1 and malaria: The main functions of CD11/CD18 integrins are adhesion and migration [86, 87], and previous studies showed that VCAM-1 is an important adhesion receptor in models of experimental [88] and human malaria [89–91] and is a potential ligand for leukocytes and PRBC, in cytoadherence processes that lead to obstruction of the microcirculation.