A recent GWAS study and smaller studies have shown that some SNP loci, such as rs13042395 (C > T), rs3746802 (T > C), rs3746803 (G > A) and rs3746804 (G > A) in SLC52A3, are associated with ESCC risk [8, 15, 16]. The gene discussed is SLC52A3; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.