CXCL1 and cancer: Univariate analysis showed a correlation between T classification (P = 0.010), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.030), TNM classification (P = 0.040), low or absent GRO-α co-expression (P = 0.012), and positive GRO-α expression in the cytoplasm of cancer cells (P = 0.008) or stroma (P = 0.002) and the lifespan of patients with pancreatic cancer (Table 3).