In a study of 13 neonates with HIE and epilepsy, most inflammatory factors in the serum were decreased after 8–72 h, however, serum IL-8 levels remained high indicating that IL-8 might be an early biomarker for the diagnosis of neonatal HIE with epilepsy (Youn et al., 2012). The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is perinatal asphyxia.