To obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling cellular quiescence associated with GILZ inactivation, we first analysed an important downstream target of GILZ, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway18, 19, 21, which has been implicated in the control of human MeSCs4, 12, 13, 15 and tumour cell dormancy42. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and neoplasm.