On the other hand, in various cancer cells including HCT116 (Figure 3c), HeLa (Supplementary Figure S4) and MDA-MB-231 (Supplementary Figure S6), Cdh1 migrated in most of the fractions ranged from 50 KDa to over 200 KDa, and overlapped with WWP2 around 150 KDa, indicating that in cancer cells, a significant portion of Cdh1 is APC-free, which might bind WWP2 to inhibit the E3 ligase activity of WWP2 (Figure 6). Here, WWP2 is linked to cancer.