ACE2 and hydrops fetalis: The key findings are as follows: (1) maternal HF intake induces programmed hypertension in 12-week-old offspring of both sexes, (2) maternal HF intake induces a greater change in renal transcriptome in females than males at 1 week of age, (3) renal mRNA expression of the RAS components in differ between male and female offspring, (4) aliskiren administration during early postnatal life prevents HF-induced programmed hypertension in both sexes of adult offspring and (5) aliskiren administration increased ACE2 and MAS protein levels in female kidneys exposed to maternal HF intake.