Moreover, both calcium and 1,25(OH)2D inhibit genes such as Myc (Matsumoto et al., 1990) and Ccnd1 (Bikle, 2011) while inducing cell cycle inhibitors Cdnk1a (aka p21cip) and Cdnk1b (aka p27kip), which contribute to the antiproliferative actions of calcium and 1,25(OH)2D. The roles of calcium/Casr and 1,25(OH)2D/VDR in immune regulation as well as in proliferation and differentiation likely contribute to their roles in protection of the skin against the development of skin cancer. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is skin cancer.