The levels of active GLP-1 in HF rats treated with vildagliptin (20.9 ± 2.9 pM) were approximately three times higher than those of vehicle-treated HF rats (6.9 ± 0.4 pM p < 0.001) and sham rats (8.2 ± 0.5 pM P < 0.001) (Figure 5A). This evidence concerns the gene GCG and hydrops fetalis.