TLR9 and infection: TLR7 and/or TLR9 are essential for the induction of IFN-I in response to other fungal pathogens such as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans [5, 7, 9, 42–46], but little is known about which cells are responsible for producing IFN-I in vivo during infections with these fungi.