SLC5A5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: After tumor establishment, mice in the therapy group received three cycles of intravenous HIF-NIS-MSC applications followed by intraperitoneal 131I injections, while control mice received either HIF-NIS-MSCs followed by saline or WT-MSCs followed by 131I. In mice harboring subcutaneous HCC tumors, no significant difference in tumor growth (Figure 4A) or animal survival (Figure 4B) was observed between the therapy group and the control groups (HIF-NIS-MSC + NaCl and WT-MSCs + 131I).