Ten et al. studied the release of soluble TLR2 and TLR4 in plasma of 394 patients with infections (infectious mononucleosis, measles, respiratory tract infections, bacterial sepsis and candidemia) or non-infectious inflammation (Crohn’s disease, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, autoinflammatory syndromes and pancreatitis). Here, TLR4 is linked to bacterial infectious disease with sepsis.